Page 162 - ibdaa
P. 162

161 Ÿ-b<¡~9¡EH Ÿ-bJxƒF   ˆ*]+°( *
    zEb³* –~|ŒD*

bžE]B ¤gD* Ix1&°* xƒ›D* fž/H qDb~|D q£~|JH "xc•JH" ux~|J ]B b›GH  —]mD* ¤A *x˜g~zJH B*¡˜D* °2bcgJ bE b<x~6
“Dw+ bF¡’£A  ibƒp•+ “D3 –cB "xc•JH" bžE]B ¤gD* xƒ›D* fž/H qDb~|D °& * ux~|J ]B "–£A4H*& " œ’DH  –£•B –cB "–£A4H*& "

                                                                             b†K )*4 *]K ž~{E *]/H*&

œ£ŒD¡' EH  b/K *H5*& H $bB]~8*& xC3 ]A  ¤<b˜g/°* x£.b& g•D Žx€g˜D* 4¡ƒ›˜D* ¢›c- ]A (Stillinger, 1991) "x‰›•£g~6" bE*&
IxJH  Hx.'¡E 8bs~7*& ™žF&* ¢•< $°'¡G œE b€K £•1H  œ£†+b:H ib<¡c€E ¤cB*xEH  œJx~7bFH  œJ4xpEH  $ÉCHH  œ££ŒsE
i*x.'¡˜D* –£•p- œE ”xg~{˜D* £Db& gD* œ< Ÿ-x’A •€›-H  A ]0*H |s~7 ‡›~8 œE ¤+2&* –˜< ]/¡J ° ŸF*& "x‰›•£g~6"

                                        ™ž›£+ œE bC  œ£Fb›ŒD*H $b+2°& *H œJx’Œ˜D* œE 2]< ¢•< f£<b˜g/°*

yD4b~{-"H "–£E i*4¡£g~6 ¡/"H "zg£C ¡/"H "HxJb+ 24¡D"H "¤•£~7 ¥4bE"H "o2x£D¡C –J¡Eb~8"H "l4H524HH ™£DH"
–J¡˜~8"H  "o2¡D ]£ŒJ2"H "zJ¡/ z˜£/"H "2*xF¡C Ž5¡/"H "Hb~7 24bFx+"H "]•J*H 4b’~6H&*" H "¥24bG 6bE¡-"H  "y›’J2
¥x›G"H "œJ¡- ”4bE"H  "–£Œ•£E bEx£G"H "4¡-¡G –£Fb-bF"H "œAxJ*( œ€›~7*H"H "zF*4¡D @G  2"H "–JH4&* o4¡/"H "h£’+
i¡’~6"H  "y‰›˜C ¥(*  ¥(*"H  "–£FH&* œ£/¡J"H "i¡£D(*  6(*  ¤-"H "“+ —x£+"H "x£•’›£~6 ¡g+*( "H "¡~64]F&* 2Hx£~7"H "yE2%*
y˜£/"H  "¡g~6 Š›A4%*"H  "h~6H —b£›-bF"H  "DHH 6bE¡-"H  "¥*¡m›˜£G h~zF4*& "H  "x›C¡A šb£DH"H  "]D*x£/yg£A
 "“J*]+*& ¡/"H  "zC*( ™’DbE"H "i¡+bC bEHx-"H  "x•£G Ž5¡/"H  "œ+°* h‰£F¡A ixC"H  "–J¡D ix+H4"H  "x›~{g£E

                                                            ™Gx£=H  "Š›C œŒ£g~6"H  "iÉ+ b£Œ•£~6"H

                           ˆ*]+(°*H zAb›gD*

                                 COMPETITION AND CREATIVITY

              zAb›gD* ‡A*]+ œ’DH  –g~zE –’~{+   2xŒ˜+ –˜†D* –~¦ŒJ œE ™ž›˜A  6b›D* –C ]›< *wK cpE Hb†gD* z£D

ˆ*]+(°* f~zAb›˜D* x£j- ]A  Hb†gD* ‡E —bpD* ¡G b˜CH  ,x~7bcEH f€£~z+ fBÉ< zAb›gD*H ˆ*]+°( * œ£+ fBɆD* ]†- °H
Ÿ•˜< œ< –+¡F ,y)b/ ™~6b- ¥wD*  (James Watson) "¡~z:*H z˜£/" bC ]D  Ix1*& bFK b£0*&  x£j- ° ]BH  bFK b£0&*
Ÿjp+ f~|B ¤A $Ém+ *xžƒJ zAb›gD*H Hb†gDbA         œ~z:*H  b£K ~zAb›-  DNA ¥H¡›D* ¦˜pD* dCxE Žb~{gC* ¤A
z£~zF*xA" ‡E Hb†- b˜C  "oH2y˜D* dD¡•D*" ™~6b+ fAHx†˜D* f£›£mD* ,2b˜D* œJ¡’- —bmE ¤A –+¡F ,y)b/ Ÿ£•< pg~6* ¥wD*
¦˜pD* —bmE ¤A –˜†J b~¦K J*& bC ¥wD* (Linus Pauling) "Š›D¡+ 6¡›J°" –˜< fcB*xE ¤A  (Francis Crick) "“JxC
"¤›-4b’E" H (Lennon) "¡›£D" œ£+ f~zAb›˜D* œ’DH  –B°& * ¢•< hB¡D* ¦†cD  b~¦K J*& œ££~zAb›- zAb›sD* bC b˜C  ¥H¡›D*
I¡g~z˜D* ‡£A4 $*2&°* H ¢£~6¡˜D* ‘xA œE ™Gx£=H zAb›sD* œ£+ hFbC ¤gD* f~zAb›˜D* ,]Q 0 ¤A œ’- ™D (McCartney)
¤A œ~zp- 2¡/H (Raina, 1968) "b›J4" H (Torrance, 1965) "zF*4¡-" ]C*&  2]~|D* *wG ¤AH         –J25]JÉC 

                                                             f~zAb›˜D*H ,&bAb’˜D* ŸD ixA*¡- *3*( ˆ*]+(°*

°&  ˆ*]+É( D fc~z›Db+ *]K / ™žE œ£gŒ£;¡D* œ£-bG œ£+ ‘xŒD*H  f˜’pgE H*& f£EÉ<(* f£~zAb›gD* B*¡˜D* ¡’- &* œ’˜JH
–E*¡†D* ¦†+ I¡~6 ¤<*]+(°* ]žmD* £†J °H  ™’pg˜D* zAb›gD* –†ŒJ b˜C  f£<*]+(°* 2¡žmD* ‡˜J ° ]B ¤EÉ<(°* zAb›gD*
f•†g˜D* b˜ž-b£~9xŒD  b_K Jy/ ¡DH  ,]J¡' E f£cJxmgD* (Shelleys & Oldham) "šbG]DH*& "H "y£Db~7" n)bgF hFbCH  f£/4bsD*

                                                                       zAb›gD* œE œ£<¡›D* œJwž+

|s~7  x~zŒJ *& ]†+ A 2*xA°& * ¢•<  ¤<*]+°( * –˜†D* ¤A f£<b˜g/°( *H f£_£cD* i*x.¡' ˜D* œE x£jC –jE  zAb›gD* x.'¡JH
 ™Gx£= I]D b†K EbB ¡’J ]B  2*xA°& * ¦†+ I]D *xK .¡' E ¡’J &* œ’˜J bEH  b£K )b~|0(* fD*2 fJ2xA bBK HxA ”b›G *& ¥*&  œ£†E

                                              Ÿg_£+H |s~{D* œ£+ –<bŒgD* š¡žŒ˜D z£)xD* rbgŒ˜D* ¡G *wGH
   157   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165   166   167