Page 60 - ibdaa
P. 60

59 Ÿ-b<¡~9¡EH Ÿ-bJxƒF   ˆ*]+(°*
   ÁbjD* –~|ŒD*

$bCwD* bC ¡D ŸF°&  f£~z£)4 fD&b~zE  wGH  —H°& * –~|ŒD* ¤A f£<*]+(°* i*4]D*H šb†D* $bCwD* œ£+ ‘xŒD* œ< h.]p- ]D
2xmE œE ˆ*]+(°* œ< ŸgAx†E 2¡F bE –C w)]›< Žx†›~6H  ˆ*]+°( * f~6*4]D f/b0 ”b›G hFbC b˜D  *K ]£/ œ£€+*xgE ˆ*]+°( *H
ˆ*]+°( * Ÿ†cg£A $bCwD* ™<]F *& °(* b›£•< bEH – ˆ*]+°( * ™<]- ib_£+ ™£˜~|- ¢D(* f/bp+ ¡’F °H  šb†D* $bCwD* ¢D(* xƒ›D*
b˜žF*& b˜C     –~|ŒD* xƒF*  b˜ž›E –’+ f~8bsD* i*4bcg1°* ib/42 k£0 œE bŒ•gsJ ˆ*]+°( *H šb†D* $bCwD* œ’D  bK £)b•-

                     ,x£‰~|D* iÉ)b†D* ¤A x1%°* x~{g›JH ,x£c’D* iÉ)b†D* ¤A x~{g›J b˜G]0*& *& k£0 œE bŒ•gsJ

,x£‰~8 x~6°& * œE ™žF*xB*& ib/42 œ< –- ™mpD* ,x£cC x~6&°* —bŒ:°& ¤~64]˜D* 2*]†g~6°* ib/42 &* H]cJ  šb< –’~{+H
 ,x£‰~|D* x~6&ÉD xA¡gJ b˜E –B&* –†•D *K x£jE bK 1b›E ,x£c’D* x~6&°* I]D &* bG2bŒE f£~9xA ¢D(* fm£g›D*  wG ]›g~z-H  ™mpD*
œ£•Œ: ,2b< x~6&°*  wG ™~¦- k£0  ,x£c’D* x~6°& * œE b£K c~zF xjC*& œJ]~7*4 bK ~8bs~7*& ™~¦- ,x£‰~|D* x~6&°* *& “D3 ¤A dc~zD*H
—bŒ:&°* *& šb˜gGÉD x£j˜D* œEH  œ£›.* œ< f£+xgD* ¤A ¡˜Gb~zJ œJwD* œJ]~7*xD* 2]< ]JyJ ° b˜›£+  xjC&* H*& f†+4&* H*& f.É. H*&
¤•†D* ub›˜D* fJxƒF ‡E f~¦Bb›gE fm£g›D*  wG H]c-H  4bc’D* —bŒ:&°* œE –B&* ib/42 ¢•< ¡•~|pJ ,x~6°& * ¤A œJ]£0¡D*
œ’DH  b›K ~6 xcC&°* —bŒ:°& * iÉ)b< œE x‰~8*& iÉ)b< ¢D*( ¡c~zg›J œJ]£0¡D* —bŒ:°& * &* fG*]+ š¡•†˜D* œE &°  ¢DH&°* f•G¡•D
™ž)b~7°& œ£˜•†E *¡F¡’J &* œ’˜J 4bc’D* —bŒ:°& bA  H]£0¡D* —bŒ:°& * bž+ x˜J ° i*xcs+ Hx˜J ,x~6&°* ¤A xcC°& * —bŒ:&°*

                                                           ]£0¡D* –Œ€•D xA¡gJ ° *wGH  ™ž›E x‰~8°& *

œJ]£0¡D* —bŒ:°& * *&  l¡pcD* ixC3 ]A  f£†€B h~z£DH f£)bpJ(* –)°2 –Œ€D* d£-xg+ ˆ*]+(°* x.&b- ¢•< –)°]D* œ’D
&* ¢D*( x£~{- ibFb£cD* ¦†+ *& °Q *(  ¤˜J2bC°& * rbm›D* ¤A ¡ŒgJ b˜C  ˆ*]+°( * ¤A ¡ŒgJ ,x~6°& * ¤A bK ›~6 xcC°& * —bŒ:°& *H
(bA *K x£1*& H  ™ž-b˜£•†g+ ™žE*ygD*H œJ]D*¡D* ¢•< ™G2b˜g<* dc~z+ ™ž›E x‰~8&°* ™ž)b~7*& œE bK <*]+*( –B*& bK ›~6 xcC&°* —bŒ:&°*
iÉ)b†D* —bŒ:*& *& “D3 ¤A dc~zD* ¡’J ]BH  ¤˜J2bC°& * rbm›D* ŽÉs+  ™mpD* ,x£cC iÉ)b†D* ¤A 4bG25°* ¢D*( –£˜J ˆ*]+°( *
H&*  ™ž~zŒF&* Ÿ£Ax- –/&* œE f£•£sgD* ™ž-*4bžE —b˜†g~6* ¢D*( Hx€~¦£A  fcB*xE H*& Ž*x~7*( H2 —¡:*& bK gBH ¡~¦J ,x£c’D*
bK ~¦J&* fBɆD*  wG c-x- ]BH  ,x£c’D* iÉ)b†D* ¤A ™ž~zŒF*& —bŒ:&°* œ£+ ,4x’g˜D* f£)b›jD* iÉ<bŒgD* ¡G dc~zD* ¡’J b˜+4
 b£F]D* ibJ¡g~z˜D* ¢D(* ,2b< ¤˜g›- ,x£c’D* iÉ)b†DbA  socio-economic status (SES) ¥2b~|gB* ¤<b˜g/°( * I¡g~z˜Db+
Žb~{gC* ¤A ¡<]cJ iÉ)b†D*  wG ¤A —bŒ:&°* (bA ¤DbgDb+H  f£_£cD* ibgg~{˜D*H ¢E]D* œE –£•D* °*( “•˜- ° ]B bžF&* ¤›†J b˜E

                                                                       f£•~zgD*H d†•D ,]J]/ ‘x:

$b~7°& * 2]†+ bcK /¡E b:K bc-4* c-xJ ¥]<bcgD* x£’ŒgD* *& ¢D*( x£~{- ¤gD* l¡pcD* fDb& ~z˜D*  wG xGbƒE ]0*& œ˜~¦gJH
4bcg1bA  fcG¡˜•D f£<*]+(°* x£= z£Jb˜D* œE  bF]/H bE ‡E bK Eb˜- 94b†g- bžF&° bK +b~6 fm£g›D*  wG bF5x+*& ]BH  ,x~6&°* ¤A
bE b›F*& ‡EH  (Zajonc & Markya, 1975) ,x£c’D* iÉ)b†D* ¤A f£F]gE ib/42 5xŒJ ÉK jE (SAT) 2*]†g~6(ÉD 24¡ŒFbg~6
¢D*( 2¡J ,x~6&°* ¤A $b~7*& 2¡/H *( —¡D* œ’˜J ŸF*& °Q (*  bž-b£•˜<H ,x~6&°* ib£Eb›J2 —¡0 l¡pcD* œE ]JyE ¢D(* f/bp+ b›D5
™˜<*& bF&*H  *K ]/ bK FxE ¡’J *& ¢D*( obgpJ ° ¥wD*  ]£0¡D* –Œ€D* “D3 ¢•< f•jE°& * q~9H&* œEH  fFHx˜D* œE œ£†E ˆ¡F xA¡-
H&* ™ž›£+H Ÿ›£+ $¤~7 ™~6b- ¢D(* H*& œJx1°% * fC4b~{E ¢D*( obgpJ ° ]£0¡D* –Œ€DbA   A —bj˜D* r¡~9H ¢•< „Ab0&* ¤’D b›G
Ÿ›£+ $b£~7°& * ™~6b-H ™žgC4b~{E ¢D(* q/4&°* ¢•< obgp£~6 ŸFb( A  $b~7*& –Œ€•D bC *3*( œ’D  4bcg<°b+ ™GxƒF ibž/H w1&* ¢D(*

   f£<*]+(°* dG*¡˜D* y£˜- ¤gD* fFHx˜Db+ c-xJ $b~7&°* 2]< (* 4b~|g1b+ —¡D* œ’˜J 3*(  ™GxƒF ibž/H ™žŒ-H ™ž›£+H

£’g•D f£•+bD* *& 3(*  "ibBɆD*" b›G —¡B*& &* dmJ b˜+4H  £’g•D f£•+bD*H ˆ*]+°( * œ£+ ,2¡/¡˜D* fBɆD* b›G xCwS -
                            ˆ*]+°( * £†-H ,xJb~z˜D* ¢D*( bK ~¦J*& ¥2¡' - ]B bž›’DH  bK <]cEH bK FxE ¡’J *& 2xŒ•D q˜~z-
   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   62   63   64   65