Page 278 - ibdaa
P. 278
277 -b<¡~9¡EH -bJxF *]+(°*
~6bgD* ~|D*
¤A kpcD* 6b~6*& E *xK £cC *$K y/ ib~6*4]D* wG h= ]A (IPAR) ]E ib~6*4]D f/*x+ ~|D* *wG $]+ E ,])bD*
f£<*]+°( * ib~6*4]D* *]£E
6b£E E dDb~6 bc-4*H f£)bgD*H *]+°( * 6b£E ¢< ib/4]D* £+ bc-4* 2¡/H "¡£CbE " 24H*& ]D
&* J 6b£D* *wG ¢< pgD* *& x~7 F°& f£FbjD* fm£gD* x£~zg+ bK gE bCH f£<*]+°( * ib~|D* f)bB ¢< pgD*
~z£- ¥wD* pgD* b( A "¡£CbE " xC3 bCH <¡F E J]JxA ¡F¡J ]B £<]cD* 2*xA&°* *& H I]D* x£~|B ¡J
¢g0 f~{D* 0 ¤A 4*xg~6°*H bG5bmF*( ¢g0 bF* H2 f£E fE ¢< D* ~¦gJ " f£<*]+(°* ib~|D* f)bB
pgD* *( ,]J]/ ibE Hb- ¢D(* bgF°* cB ,]0*H fE ¢< ibcj+ D*H pD* ¤A ]- ¥&* bG ¡J ° bE]<
¥wD* I]D* J¡: pgD* ¤A bpD* ¤G bC *]+°( * ¤-xE 8bs~7&ÉD ,y£E f~6 z£D I]D* x£~|B D* *wG E
¡J4bD* 4b~7&* ]A ,2]pD* ibJbD*H )b~6¡D*H JbcgD*H ¡~zD*H fFHxD* E ]JyD* k£0 bC ,b£pD* xc< ]gJ ]B
0 x: G¡/H ¤A ]Q ~z- bE]< x1*% b~{F ¢D*( ¡D¡pgJ *¡FbC F&* ¢D*( ÉK jE ,b£pD* tJ4*¡- iÉ+bE ¤A b<K *]+(* xjC°& *
¢< HxQ ~|J *¡FbC F&* ¢D*( b<K *]+(* B°& * ¡J4bD* 4b~7&* b£+ 7bgF°b+ Hx~{J bE]< bK 0° b£D*( H2¡J . f~{D*
E fc~7 bJ°& * wG ¢Q ~zJ bE ¤A xJ "¡£CbE" bC b+4H 8 "bQ 0 c~6 EbE*& ]Q ~z- bE]< ¢g0 f~{D* 0
£0 £+ x1%°* ¢D*( bG]0&* E bgF°*H ]0*H hBH ¤A $b£~7*& ,]< E EbgD* ¢D(* £<]cD* 8bs~7°& * £E ¤GH J4b~{D*
b<K ¡F /*¡J &* J |s~{D* &* ¤A jg-H "¡£CbE" ¡J bC £<]cD f£Ab~9*( ,y£E wGH (Gruber 1988) x1*% H
]+ 2¡J ¤D b+ c-xD* bmD* ¤A Ix1&* fE E EbgD* ¤A xg~zJ DH bcK Fb/ fD* ~¦£A ¤AxD* 2*]~zF°* E
])*¡A E b+ c-xJ bEH fFb~¦pD* ,xgA E 2bg~6*H G3 {gF* ]BH ,x£~|B ,xgA
]C&* ]BH 8 "f:b~zcD* p- ¢< ¢~9¡D* ¥]p- " ¡~¦J b<K *]+(* xjC°& * 2*xA°& * &* b~¦K J*& "¡£CbE" xC3 bC
bFK b£0*& fm£gD* wG |pA gJH bjD* £c~6 ¢< (Barron, 1995) "H4b+" £+ E bC Hx1%* ¡j0b+ fm£gD* wG
(Barron & Welsh 1992) ]£gD* z£JbD f<¡gE iÉ£~¦g+
*¡FbC Ix1°& * ib<¡mD* És+ *]+°( * ¤-xE £J4bD* &* f£DbjD* i*HwD ~8H ¤A "¡£CbE " ]/H ]BH
Jx1%°b+ £gE *¡F¡J *& ¡cpJ GH Jx1%°* 8bs~7É& D -b+bmg~6*H f£<bg/°* -bBÉ< *¡~zpJ &* ¡cpJ
I¡g~zE J]D ¡J &* ¡~¦J bC £cDH J4¡c~8H £_A*2H £JxCH ££DH £A¡<H ££<bg/*H £pEb~zgEH
f£DbjD* -*H3 ~8H ¤A "xEbE"H "£~{F" ibp~|D -*4b£g1* D3 ¢D(* i4b~7*& bE d~zp+ fBbD* E M b<
ngg~6* ]BH ]£DbgDb+ bEK *ygD* B&°* G b<K *]+*( xjC°& * £J4bD* &* ¢D*( "¡£CbE" f~6*42 n)bgF E x£cC 2]< x£~{JH
¡pF ¤G f£~6b~6°& * g£DH'¡~zE &* Hx~{J £<]cD* £J4bD* *& bEK b- bpK ~9*H ib+ ]D" m)bgF ¤A f£E fF ]<
xjC&* ¤A g£)b-H g£DÉg~6* x-H "fJ4bD* £Eb~|gD* ¤A d~6bEH q£p~8 ¡G bD f£DbD* f£-*wD* Gx£JbE
4bA*& E ,2bg~6°* ¢< H42bB F*& fc~6bE E xjC&* ¤A b<K *]+(* B°& * GH' ÉE5 ]C'¡J" ÉK )bB "¡£CbE" £~¦JH fJx: E
£<]cD* £J4bD* f£DÉg~6* I]cg-H ,]£EH f£< fJ4bE nE*x+H £Eb~|- qc~|gD b££-H £GbEH Jx1%°*
b/4 *¡~z£D F*& 4xgD* G]£Cb& - É1 EH D cm-H ¥4*2(°* D c0 ]< < Gx£c- É1 E D* ¤A
b~|-*( ¢< *¡£D fJ]/ 2¡/ wc+ )ÉE5 E bEK bgG* B&* ~zF&* HxJ GH ¥2xD* D* ¡cpJ + JxA
< ££~{EbG b+4H £g~zEH ££)b- 3*( *¡FbC ]D 8 " fJ4bD* f~6]D* e2&* ¤A fjJ]pD* ib<¡cDb+
£<]cD* £J4bD f£cg- f~64*]+ (Dudek & Hall, 1991) "¡GH 2H2" bB ]BH B°& * ¢< ¤D* ¢Db+ ]~|B
"¡£CbE" f~6*42 -2]0 JwD*