Page 279 - ibdaa
P. 279
-b<¡~9¡EH -bJxF *]+(°* 278
~6bgD* ~|D*
+xD*
f£~{EbD*
Marginality
~|~|s- 2H]0 o4b1 E C < ]A ££~{EbG b~8K bs~7&* £<]cD* E Gx£=H "H4*2"H "£/b£+"H "]JHxA" bC
¤~zD* £pgD* fJxF xJ¡- cB b£/¡D¡£~zD* "]JHxA " 642H ¤AxD* ¡D* f~6*42 ¤A b£/¡D¡£cD* ¢< "£/b£+" ]g<* k£0
¤/¡D¡£cD* 4¡gD* < -b+bgC ¤A b£/¡D¡£mD* D3 ¤A b+ fgsD* J2b£D* E 2]< ¤A "H4*2 " xFH
,xc1 *]£E o4b1 ,$*xD* ,4¡~8 ¤A B°& * ¢< ¡- ¤gD* ,2¡~|D* f£~{EbDb+ "£/b£+"H "x~6" E C ¢~8H*& bC
¢D*( 4b~7*& H f£~{EbDb+ ¡c=xJ J4¡~{D* £<]cD* &* (Gardner, 1993) "xF24b/" xC3 bC ~|~|s-H |s~{D*
¤A bB ]A F*]£E H*& DbmEH 2xD* £+ fDbpD* wG ¤A e¡=xD* x-¡gD* b~7&* E ~{C asynchrony f£E*y-ÉD*
bA]- H&* ,xcsD* fgE ¢< Dw+ ~|p£A E*y-ÉD* Hx; < kpcJ bE 4]+ 5xcJ bE 2xA C *& ]C&bgE ¤F*( " 2]~|D* *wG
4b. f~64bE ¤A 6bD* C fc=4 ]< dc~6 A ¢< 42bB x£= bD* fJbF ¤A ~zF ]mJH bmD* fAb0 ¢< F¡C E
8 "E*y-ÉD*
bC ~|D* *wG ¤A bK 0° ~{BbF ¡~6 ¥wD* £<]cD* 8bs~7°& * I]D ¦BbgD* ¡E - n)bgD* wG E *xK £jC (*
f£<*]+(°* fBbD* £p-H f£<*]+°( * i*5bmF(°* E ,x£jC $*y/*& &* ]J]pgDb+H *]+(°* ib~6*42 *]G&* E ~QzgE bE &*
]Q mD* *wG fJbF ]< ¡~9¡D* *wG g~zF ¡~6H 4b£g1°*H bJ*¡D* ib£D fD*2 ¤G fEbD*
f£D¡D* ib~6*4]D*
LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
e¡/HH (Rubin, 1982) f£~|s~{D* ibcj+ g- fDb& ~zE bG *& °(* 8b1 ~{+ ,]£EH fgE f£D¡D* ib~6*4]D* &* E
£+ ,2¡/¡D* ib+*xgD* ~¦J ° *wG b( A D3 EH ,b£pD* ,4H2 É1 f£~|s~{D* ¢< *& x- ]B ¤gD* i*x£gDb+ *xg<°*
¤<*]+(°* $*2°& * H*& f£<*]+°( * fBbD*H f£D* ib~zD* ¦+
£~6]D* $*2*& dB*xJ "¡£CbE" bCH (IPAR) ]E £A `~{F&* ¥wD* hB¡D* ¤A ,2]gE f£D¡: ib~6*42 i&*]+ ]D
*¡/xs- JwD* 4¡CwD* eÉD* E bcK Db: ~¦1 b< i&*]+ ¤gD* ib~6*4]D* wG I]0(* ¤A ¢DH&°* ,xD £J4bD*
bE]< bEK b< ]+ £mJxsD* $°'¡G ££- ]£<*& . f£<*]+(°* fBbD*H $bCwD* ¤A i*4bcg1* ,]DH f0ÉD fEbmD* E
G°& * fm£gD* hFbCH £~zD* wG xc< 4*xg~6* 2¡/H ¢D(* ibF4bD* i4b~7*& ]BH G4b<&* E £c~zD*H f£FbjD* ¤A *¡FbC
JbcgD* E ix~zA Psychological mindedness "¤~zD* gD*"H pgD* D3 ¤A b+ f£~|s~{D* i*x£gE *&
,x£~zDbC bGx£= E *4K *xg~6*H b-K bc. xjC*& ÉK jE ¤~zD* gDbC ib~zD* ¦+ hFbCH f£<*]+°( * fBbD* ib~6b£B ¤A
rbgF°*H i*wD* c-H "x£JbD* ¤A ~{D*" £+ bc-4* 2¡/H ¢< )°2 (Feist & Barron) H4b+H h~z£A ]/H ]BH ÉK jE
JxcgEH ££)*]< ¡F¡J £<]cD* $bD* *& ,xA bK +b~6 b~¦02 bF*& bC *]+(°* £+H ,xcsD* ¢<
¤~9bD* xD* E ib££~zsD* x1*H*& ¤A i&*]+ ¤gD* (Helson, 1996) "y£E" f~6*42 ¤G Ix1&* f£D¡: f~6*42 bGH
,]D ~¦1 ]BH f£DbgD* f~zD* ¤A . H ¤Eb< £+ f~6*4]D* ¤A fC4b~{D* "y£E" f£C ¤A $b~zD* E d: ]A
f£<*]+°( * fBbD* xJ]- -H (MMPI, the ACL, California Psychological inventory) f£~|s~{D z£JbE