Page 297 - ibdaa
P. 297

Ÿ-b<¡~9¡EH Ÿ-bJxƒF   ˆ*]+(°* 296

‡~6bgD* –~|ŒD*     

                             i*wD* £p-

                                       SELF-ACTUALIZATION

*& ]g<*H  b›-b£0 ¤A f£E¡£D* l*]0&°* œE iɌF°* ŸFb& + "i*w•D p˜D* ˆ*]+°( *" (Maslow, 1968) "¡•~6bE" ŽxQ <
p˜D* ˆ*]+(°*H  b~zF°( * ,b£0 f•£: f£†£c: o4bsE œ< kpcJH  b†K £˜/ x~{cD* I]D ¥x€A ‡A*2 i*wD* £pgD ”xp˜D* ‡A*]D*
i*5bmF°*  wG &° Ÿ-*5bmF*( œE xjC&* 2xŒD* f£~|s~7 ¢DH&°* f/4]Db+ ]C'¡J" ¡GH  ˆ*]+°( * qgŒ- f£•˜< œE ™žE $y/ i*w•D
,&*xmDbC f£~|s~{•D ,y£˜˜D* ibŒ~|D* ]C'¡J ŸF&* b˜C  fJ¡Fb. xG*¡; “Dw+ ¡’gA  f£~|s~{D* œ< 4]~|- fc0b~|E xG*¡; 2xmE
™˜Q †˜D* ˆ*]+(°* 4¡ž;  bž<¡˜mE ¤A  –žQ ~z- ibŒ~8 ¤GH  i*wD* –c-H –Eb’gD*H œGwD* ,]Q 0H f£)b•gD*H fJxpD*H f<bm~{D*H
i]Q C*& ¤›F&* b˜C  œ£<]c˜D* 8bs~7°& * ¤A H*&  ˆ*]+°( * ¡pF  bm-°* H*&  f£<*]+(°* ,b£pD* ¤A Ÿ-*3 œ< xcQ †J ¥wD*  i*w•D p˜D*
¦‰+  ,b£pD* i°bmE fAbC d£~|£A ‡~{J H*& "x~{g›J" i*w•D p˜D* ˆ*]+°( bA      i*w•D p˜D* ˆ*]+(ÉD fJx£c†gD* f£<¡›D*
H]+ ¢g0 H*& œ£†E –’~7 H&* œ£†E Ž]G ŸD ¡’J *& H2 rx˜D* |s~{D* œ< rx˜D* "4]~|J" b˜C bEK b˜-  iɒ~{˜D* œ< xƒ›D*
Ÿ•†ŒJ bE –C ¤A fJ2b+ “Dw+ ¡’gA ŸBÉ1*& H 2xŒD* f£~|s~{D 6b’†F* i*wD* £p- *& IxF *w’GH       8  " Ÿ›E ¤<H
–†A *( " ŸD¡+ “D3 (Rogers, 1995) "5x/H4" ”42*& ]BH  f£E¡£D* f£<*]+(°* f£•˜†D*H ¤E¡£D* ˆ*]+°( * –j˜-H  |s~{D*
 š¡p•D fc~6b›E f~|•~8 h£cD* f+4 4b’g+*H  f£c~z›D* ¤A ŸgJxƒF "œJbg~{›J*" f=b£~8H  ŸBbA4 ‡E ,]J]/ fc†D ˆxgsJ ¡GH –Œ€D*
 wG d£-x- —HbpF &* ¥4Hx~¦D* œE z£DH  ŸD b›ŒJx†- $¡~9 ¤A  ˆ*]+(°* ¢•< f•jE&* bž•C ]†-  ŸD fJ*H4 —H*& x£‰~8 D¡' E f+bgCH
—H&° ‡›~|- ¤gD* f~|•~|D*" &* ¢•< "¡•~6bE" A*¡JH       8  bK <*]+*( bGxjC*& H*& bž•B°& bK c: œ£†E d£-x- ¤A i*5bmF°( *
¡’- *&  œ’˜J  —y›E $b›+ H&* —bŒ:°& * f£+x- H*& tc€D* b( A ¤DbgDb+H  f£FbjD* ,x˜•D ng›J ¥wD* ™~6xD* œE b<K *]+*( xjC*& ,xE

                                                                          8  "f£<*]+*( ib£•˜<

 (Gardner, 1993) œ£0xEH œ££D¡Œ: œ£<]c˜D* 6b›D* –†m- ¤gD* ebc~6&°* ]0*& i*wD* £p- ¡pF —¡£˜D* ¡’- ]BH
¤A *wG œE H]£Œg~zJ ™GH  b~¦K J*& ™ž<*]+(* 8xA œE ]JyJ b˜E  $¤~7 ™ž0b˜/ qc’J °H ™ž~zŒF&b+ ¡jJH  ¡£)b•- —bŒ:°& bA
]<bgD* œE –†m- ¤gD* f£~6b~6°& * f†+4&°* f€~{F&°* ]0b& C ˆ*]+°( * (Vaillant, 2002) "hFÉ£A" 24H&* ]D  ™ž-b£0 –0*xE fAbC
,]J]/ )*x: Žb~{gC* ,2b<*( H  ,]J]/ f£<b˜g/* f’c~{+ –˜†D* $bA4 –J]c- ¤žA Ix1&°* f.ÉjD* f€~{F°& * bE&*   f†g˜E ,xgA

                                                             ,b£pD* I]E ™•†gD* ¤A 4*x˜g~6°*H  d†•D

¤A –E&b-  bGxJ]-H bžBHw-H f£<*]+°( * $b£~7&°* fJH' 4 b~¦K J&* –˜~{J b˜F(*H  A ¤•†ŒD* ˆ*]+°( * i*wD* £p- œ˜~¦gJ °H
¤<*]+(°* –˜†•D bFxJ]- $b›.&* ¤A b›F*( " Ÿ£A —¡J ¥wD* (Rollo May, 1975/1994, p.22) "¥bE ¡DH4 " B¡E 2]~|D* *wG
" B*¡˜•D ,]J]/ fJH' 4 b›£A ]DQ ¡J ¤›ŒD* –˜†Db+ b›Cb’g0* *(  6b~z0°( * œE ,]J]/ fƒp•+ x˜F b›F*(       b£K <*]+(* ÉK ˜< ym›F

Ÿ-bBb: fAbC 4b˜jg~6*H  Ÿ-*3 £pgD f£•1*]D* 2xŒD* f/b0 ¤A ˆ*]+É( D ¤~6b~6&°* ‡A*]D*        "5x/H4" q~9H*& b˜C
                                                          f£†A*]D* ˆ¡~9¡E ¢D(* bF2¡J bE *wGH  f›Eb’D*

                              f£†A*]D*

                                             MOTIVATION

bGbF2]< ¤gD* —¡£˜D*H ibŒ~|D* œE 2]< ”b›žA  f£†A*]D* œ< kJ]pD* H]+ f£~|s~{D* ˆ¡~9¡E {Bb›F *& d†~|D* œE
–˜gp˜D* œEH   ÉK jE  ,x+bj˜DbC f£†A*]D* œ< *xK ~7bcE *xK £c†- ¡’J ]B bž~¦†+H  ‡A*H]D* ¦†+ œ< —b0 ¥b& + –~|Œ›- ° bK +b~6
b›AÉg1* z’†J x1°% * bž~¦†+H  œJx1%°* ‡E bž~¦†+ ¤A ”4b~{gF  ¤.*4¡D* b››J¡’- ¤A fJ¡B 4Hw/ b›†A*H2 ™ƒ†˜D ¡’- &*

                                                                      f£~|s~{D* b›-*xc1H  ™ž›<
   292   293   294   295   296   297   298   299   300   301   302