Page 334 - ibdaa
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333 Ÿ-b<¡~9¡EH Ÿ-bJxƒF   ˆ*]+°( *
    x~7b†D* –~|ŒD*

f˜ž˜D* ™žAH  xc~|D*H  f£B]D* f£-*wD* fAx†˜DbC |)b~|sD* œE 2]†+ ~|gJ x~Qz£˜D* |s~{D* *& "¥]Fb/ bA" rxgB*H
i*4bžEH  ,]£/ f£ƒŒD i*4bžEH   fJ]<bcgD*H f£+4bgD*  fŒ•gs˜D* x£’ŒgD* ib£•˜< œ£+ £~z›gD* ¢•< ,4]D*H  bG2]~|+ ¡G ¤gD*
 rx˜D* ¢D*( –£˜D*H  x:bs˜D* ]›< –†gD*H  9¡˜‰D* –˜p-H  ¤ƒŒ•D* x£= –~8*¡g•D f£~6b~z0H f£Fb~zF(°* ibBɆD* ¤A ,]£/
9Hx†D*H 2*¡˜Db+ *2K HyEH *]K †g~zE ¡’J *& Ÿ£•< b( A Ÿ•˜†+ x~Qz£˜D* š¡J bE]›<H  ¤<*]+(°* x£’Œg•D f£~6b~6*& i*4bžEH  fjD*H
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*( –+   bK 0° kJ]pD* Ÿ›< ¤-&b£~6 b˜C   ¤›GwD* ~|†D* ¢•< f<¡˜m˜D* ,]<b~z˜+ &*]+ ]B ¢›†˜D* *wž+ x~Qz£˜D* ¡’JH
*& dmJH  bžg£<¡F ¢•< z£DH 4b’A°& * f£˜C ¢•< y£CxgD*H 4b’A&°* 8b›gBbC ¤›GwD* ~|†D* d£Db~6&* š]sg~zJ Ž¡~6 x~Qz£˜D*
¡’J *& H ˆb˜g~6°* ¤A *xK £cC *]K ž/ —wcJ *& dmJ b˜C  ¤<*]+°( * ”¡•~z•D b/K 3¡˜F*& Ÿ~zŒF ¡G ¡’JH ¤˜~64 x£= *¡K / x~Qz£˜D* xA¡J
Ÿ•˜< x~Qz£˜D* ‡+bgJ ™. x£’ŒgD* $b›.&* ¤A fgEb~8 f<¡˜m˜D* ¢c- *& œ’˜JH  hB¡D* œE f•J¡: i*xgA  bgK Eb~8 $bc•D *]K †g~zE
f£<*]+°( * d£Db~6°& * H*& ¤›GwD* ~|†D* ¢›†E ¡˜žŒJ b†K £˜/ f<¡˜m˜D* $b~¦<*& *& *]K +&* 9xgŒJ °H f£›EyD* 2¡£D* dB*xJH
–£/b& gC fJ4Hx~¦D* i*$*x/°( b+ ™GxCwJH –˜< œE Ÿ+ ¡E¡J b˜£A dc~zD* œ< f<¡˜m˜D* 4bc1(* ¢D*( x~Qz£˜D* obgpJ ]BH  Ix1°& *
 f•J¡€D* ib~z•mD* fDb0 ¤A ]£ŒE f<¡˜m˜D* 2*xA&* —¡m- &* "¥]Fb/ bA" ]g†JH  f~z•mD* fJbžF ¢g0  ÉK jE  4b’A&°* ¢•< ™’pD*
™ž˜D* œEH  f<¡˜m˜D* –1*2 4b’A°& * ¢•< hJ¡~|gD*H f£<xA ib<¡˜mE œJ¡’- d›mgJ &*H  “D3 ¢•< ‡m~{J &* x~Qz£˜D* ¢•<H
bž)b~¦<&° rb˜~zD* ¡G f<¡˜m˜D* ‡E  2¡/H dc~6 *& Žx†J *& dmJ Ÿ›’DH  x£csD* |s~{D* 4H2 x~Qz£˜D* d†•J ° &* *]K /
¤A ,4Hx~¦Db+ f<¡˜m˜D* 2¡J ° Ÿ›’DH f£•˜†D* –ž~QzJ |s~7 2xmE ¡G 3*( x~Qz£˜DbA  ˆ¡~9¡˜Db+ f•†g˜D* ™ž-*xc1 —b˜†g~6b+

                                                                    f›£†E fm£gF ¡pF H&* œ£†E  bm-*

                            ¤cFbmD* x£’ŒgD*

                                           Lateral Thinking

Ÿ£c~{gD* —É1 œE Ÿ-x’A ‚bgD* œ’˜JH  (De Bono, 1992) ¤cFbmD* x£’ŒgD* ¡G ˆ*]+(°* f£˜›gD x1*% nEbFx+ ”b›G
b~¦K J*& "¡F¡+ ¥2" –˜†g~zJ b˜C  Ÿgž/HH x£’ŒgD* b’E x£Q = b˜F*( H  x£’ŒgD* ¤A ˜†g- °  f+¡†~8 H&* f•’~{E “ž/*¡- bE]›<  ¤DbgD*
2xŒ•D q˜~zJ ¥wD* ¥2b£pD* 4¡ƒ›˜D* –j˜- $b~¦£cD* f†cDbA  x£’ŒgD* —b’~7&* ¢D*( x£~{- ¤gD*  "h~zD* x£’ŒgD* ib†cB" ,4b†g~6*
f†cD* bE&*  Ÿ~6]0 )*x:H  x<b~{EH ŸŒ:*¡<H 2xŒD* i°b†ŒF* $*x˜pD* f†cD* –j˜-H  bžDb˜†g~6*H ibE¡•†˜D*H ibFb£cD* ‡˜m+
¢•< yCxJ ¥wD* –)bŒg˜D* 4¡ƒ›˜D* $*xŒ~|D* f†cD* –j˜-H  bžD Ÿ-*2bgF*H 4¡E°& * ¢•< ™’pD* ¤A 2xŒD* fJx: –j˜gA $*2¡~zD*
&* "¡F¡+ ¥2" rxgJH  4b’A°& *H –)*]cDb+ •†gJ b˜£A –B&°* ¢•<  f+¡~|sD* ¢D(* $*x~¦sD* f†cD* x£~{-H   ])*¡AH –pD* ‡Ab›E
i°b˜g0°*H ib£~9xŒD* rx€DH       f£Ab~9°( * –)*]cD*H        ,]J]mD* 4b’AÉ& DH       ¤<*]+°( * x£’Œg•D ¤G $*x~¦sD* f†cD*"
f†cD* &* IxJH  |s•-H dB*x- ¤gD* ¤žA  x£’ŒgD* f£•˜< ¤A ™’pg- ¤gD* ¤G $bB4yD* f†cD* b( A *xK £1&*H      8  ",]J]mD*
*wGH      8  "x£’ŒgD* ¤A x£’Œg•D"–˜†g~z- bžF*& H  b£K <b˜/ ¤<*]+°( * –˜†D* bC *3(* f<¡˜m˜D* z£)4 ,2b< bžJ]-xJ $bB4yD*

                                          metacognition fAx†˜D* $*4H b˜+  fAx†˜D* š¡•< ¤A  Žx†J bE

—]mD* d›m- œE ib˜ƒ›˜D*H ib<¡˜m˜D* œ’Q ˜J Ž¡~6 h~zD* ib†c•D ŸDb˜†g~6*H ŸgJx: *&        "¡F¡+ ¥2" IxJH
 ,x˜jE 2¡ž/ ¢D*( ¤DbgDb+ 2¡-H ¤FHb†gD* Žb~{’g~6°* ¤A bžDb˜†g~6* œ’˜J h~zD* ib†cD* *& 9xgŒJH  f£)*]†D* B*¡˜D*H
,]< œE iɒ~{˜D* —Hb›gJ H&*  ib£~6b~6&°* –C ¤€‰J Ž¡~6  f<¡˜m˜D* H&*  2xŒD* *& ¤A œ˜’- Ÿ+¡•~6&* ,])bA &* q~9*¡D* œEH
–£/b& -H –)*]cD* f£˜G*& *]C'¡J b˜ž£•C &* k£0 œE  ÉK £•B ¤›GwD* ~|†D* Ÿc~{J Ÿ+¡•~6&* b( A  ¢›†˜D* *wž+H  –B°& * ¢•< dF*¡/
&* ¥&*  ib†c•D œ£†E –~z•~z-H —b˜<*& —H]/ ¢•< bž›£+ b˜£A Œg- &* ib<¡˜m˜D* ¢•< "¡F¡+ ¥2" rxgJH  fJbž›D* ¢g0 ]›D*
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