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                           A GENIUS AHEAD OF HIS OR HER TIME?

"ŠF4¡+" kp+ œE Ix1&* ,xE b›G zcgF œpFH  x~|†D* rH4 x.*& ¢•< *K x~7'¡E bžD¡~|0 –cB ibAb~{gC°b+ ¡' c›gD* ]†J ]B
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                      œE*ygD*H ,4x’g˜D* ibAb~{gC°*

                       MULTIPLE DISCOVERIES AND SIMULTANEITIES

œE*ygD*" ,4bc†+        "ŠF4¡+" bžŒ~8H ¤gD* ,4x’g˜D* ibAb~{gC°*H fCxg~{˜D* i*4b~|cg~6°* ¤A x~|†D* rH4 4H2 q~¦gJ
f›E*yg˜D* H&* ,4x’g˜D* ibAb~{gC°* (bA  f£˜~zgD* hFbC b˜žEH   near-simultaneities/near-sychronisms "e4bg˜D*
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f•jE°& bA  f£˜~zgD* hFbC b˜žEH  f›E*ygE bK Fb£0&*H ,4x’gE ibAb~{gC* ¢<]- bK Fb£0*& ¤GH  *]K / ,x£jC f›E*yg˜D* ibAb~{gC°* *(
"ŠF4¡+"  ÉK g~zEH bK ›E*ygE bAK b~{gC* œ£†+4*& H f£Fb˜.H f)bE (Ogbun & Thomas, 1962) " 6bE¡-H xc=H&* " bž›E  ,x£jC
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