Page 167 - mawhiba

‫‪ .5‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺨﺎﺀ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺨﺎﺀ ﺘﻌ ‪‬ﺩ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺒﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﻡ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻭﻥ ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻴل‪ ،‬ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻫﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻬﻡ ﻭﻗﺒﻭﻟﻬﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﻤﻴل ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎﺕ ﻤـﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻷﻥ ﻴﺼﺒﺤﻭﺍ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﺒ ﹰﻼ ﻟﻠﻔـﺭﻭﻕ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻋﻴﻬﻡ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻵﺨـﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺒﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻫﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻗـﺩ ﺘﻅﻬـﺭ‬
‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺜﻘﺔ ﻟﺯﻤﻼﺌﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﻁﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﻡ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺕ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻋﻤﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻫـﻭﺒﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺘﺭﻜـﺯ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻨﺤﻭﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﻋﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﺭﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻋﻤﻭﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤـﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺴﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

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