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ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ
ﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻓﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ ،ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌـﺩ
ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻬﻡ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ -ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺅﻜﺩ -ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻓﺱ ﻗﺒل ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ
ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﻭﻴﻘﻴﺔ .ﻟﻬـﺫﺍ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴـﺏ
ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ ،ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ
ﻤﺩﻯ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻤﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ.
ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﺒﺯﻨﺱ ﻭﻴﻙ( ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ )ﺒﻭﺴﻁﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘـﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ( ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺩﻟﻴـل ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜـﺎﺭ
) (Innovation Indexﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ.
ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻟﻌﺎﻡ ) (2007ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﺒل ) (Appleﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﻠﻤـﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜـﺔ،
ﻭﺠﻭﺠل ) (Googleﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺘﻭﻴﻭﺘـﺎ ) (Toyotaﻓـﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ،ﻭﺠﻨﺭﺍل ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻴﻙ ) (GEﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ.
ﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل؟
ﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻟﺒﺯﻨﺱ ﻭﻴﻙ( ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ )ﺒﻭﺴﺘﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ( ﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ
ﻤﺴﺢ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ .ﺇﺫ ﻴﻭﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ،ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ .ﻭﻗـﺩ
ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺕ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺇﻟﻰ ) (1500ﻤﻥ ﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴـﺎﺱ
ﺭﺃﺴﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ .ﻭﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ (20) :ﺴﺅﺍﻻ ﻋﺎﻤـﺎ ﺤـﻭل
ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ،ﻭ) (12ﺴﺅﺍﻻ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻴﺎ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ .ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺢ
ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ:
% 77 -ﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ
% 12 -ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺒﺎ
% 9 -ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺴﻔﻴﻙ
ﻭﻗﺩ ﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ
ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) (%86ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻟـﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ،ﻓـﻲ
ﺤﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ )) (%14ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺃﺩﻨﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ
ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل(.
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