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ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ :ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ
ﻴﻌ ﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ :ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﺼﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ
ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ ،ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻀﺎ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ .ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﺘﻭﺭﻨﺱ ) (Torrance, 1980ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ
ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺯﺯ ﻟﻺﺒﺩﺍﻉ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻋ ﺩﻩ ﻤﺤﺼﹼﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـﺎﺕ.
ﻭﻗﺩ ﻓ ﺭﻕ ﺩﻴﻔﺯ) (Davis, 1986ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻫﻤﺎ :ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﺒـﺩﺍﻋﻲ.
ﻭﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺴﺘﻴﺭﻨﺒﺯﻍ ) (Sternberg, 1993ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺩﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘـﺴﻬﻡ ﻓـﻲ
ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ :ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ
ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ.
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺩﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺸـﻬﺭ ﻫـﺫﻩ
ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ :ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺘﻭﺭﺍﻨﺱ ، TTCTﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻟـ ﺭﻴﻨﺯﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺭﻴﺱ (Renzulli
) .& Reis, 1991ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺒﻨﺎ ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ :ﺍﻷﺼﺎﻟﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗـﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬـﺩ
ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺫﻭﻟﻴﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ.
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ
ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ،ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ ،ﻭﺘﻨﻭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ.
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