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ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ
ﺘﻌﺩ ّﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻤﻬﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ
ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻠﺔ ،ﺒل ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻬﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻴﺒﺫل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ
ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ،ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ،ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ
ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ،ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ.
ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻟﻸﻁﻔﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ .ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ
ﺘﻭﺭﺍﻨﺱ ) (Torrance, 1974ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺎﺀ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ
ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻘﻴﺴﻪ ،ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻭﺭﺍﻨﺱ ﺒﺎﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻋﺠﺯﻭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺼﹼﻨﻔﻭﺍ ﻤﻊ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ .ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ
ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ )ﺴﺘﺎﻨﻔﻭﺭﺩ ﺒﻴﻴﻨﻪ( ،ﻭ)ﻭﻜﺴﻠﺭ( ﻻ ﺘﻘﻴﺱ ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ
ﻜﺎﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ،ﺒل ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻴﺱ
ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻜﺎﺀ.
ﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻭﻤﺠﺎﻻﺘﻪ
.1ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﻟﻼﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﺒﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ.
.2ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ.
.3ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ،ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ.
ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ
ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺴﻪ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻟﻺﺒﺩﺍﻉ ،ﻭﻟﻜل ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ،ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ
ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻉ ،ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ،ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ
ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ:
-1ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﺜل :ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻭﺭﺍﻨﺱ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ،ﻭﺠﻴﺘﺯل ﻭﺠﺎﻜﺴﻭﻥ،
ﻭﻜﻭﺭﻨﻴل ،ﻭﻻﻟﺵ ،ﻜﻭﺠﺎﻥ ،ﺠﻠﻔﻭﺭﺩ ،ﻜﺎﺘﻴﻨﺎ.
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