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ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﻜﺭﻭﻥ .ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺨﻴـﺼﻪ
ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل :ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺭﺍﻓﻌـﺔ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜـﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ،ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ
ﻟﻼﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ) .(3ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ ﺃﺭﺒﻌـﺔ
ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﻟﻠﺘﺩﻟﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ):(4
-1ﺇﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺭﺍﻉ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺴﺠل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟـﻰ
ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤـﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺤـﺩ ﺃﻭ
ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ )ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺘﻜﺭﻭﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﻭﻥ(.
-2ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺠﻌل ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻜﻠﻪ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ
ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺒﻠﺩ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺃﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ) (%45ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ.
-3ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺒل ﻋﺎﻡ ) (1981ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ،ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺒﻌـﺩ
ﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ .ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭﺓ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻜﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ.
-4ﺃﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﺭﻴﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ،
ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻁﻭﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻗﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ.
1. Dawn Iacobucci C.Nordhielm: Creative Benchmarking, HBR, Vol (78), No.
(6), Nov-Dec 2000.pp24-25 and 28.
2. Joan Magretta:The Power of Virtual Integration:an Interview with Dell
Computer's Micheal, Vol(76),No.(2), March-April 1998, pp73-84.
3. H.Chesbrough (2003): Open Innovation, Harvard Business School Press,
Boston, p52,105-106.
4. Ibid,pp45-48.
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