Page 137 - mawhiba
P. 137
ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺒﻴﻥ
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺒﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺏ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻤﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ .ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ
ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ:
ﺃﻭﻻ :ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﻨﻲ
ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺤﻔﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺭ ،ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ،ﺜﻡ
ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ .ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ،ﻭﹸﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻜل
ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻩ ،ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﻨﻲ ،ﻫﻲ:
ﺘﺠﱡﻨﺏ ﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ
ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﺼﺔ ﻟﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭ
ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ
ﺍﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﻟﻭﻓﺔ
ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ :ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﺫﺓ
ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻋ ﺩﺓ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺁﺨﺭ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ:
.1ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺨﺒﻴﺭ
ﻴﺘﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﺎ ،ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻟﺩﻴﻪ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ،ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﺎﺒﻊ
ﺍﻟﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ،ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺒﺤﺎﺜﻪ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺘﻪ
ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ،ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﺘﻠﻤﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻫﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﻴﺭ .ﻭﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﻴﺭ
ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺎﻟﺏ ،ﺇﺫ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ .ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ.
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ:
ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺩ ﺭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ،ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ،ﻜﻤﺎ
ﻴﺘﺩﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ
ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ
133